Environmental Exposures: Heavy Metals
Heavy metals occur naturally in the environment, but their presence in excessive amounts can pose serious health risks to humans. Lead, arsenic, mercury, and aluminum are among the most common heavy metal exposures and can be harmful when accumulated in the body.
Understanding their effects on various bodily functions, especially the gut, and adopting measures to reduce exposure is essential for maintaining overall health and well-being.
Lead
Lead is a toxic metal found in various sources, including old paint, contaminated soil, and water pipes.The gastrointestinal tract is the primary route of exposure to lead, with much of what is absorbed then stored in the liver, which can make it harder for the liver to function properly. Research has also shown a direct toxic effect on the gut microbiome. Interestingly, the use of probiotics to lessen some of the impact of lead exposure on the GI tract and microbiome is an area that is actively being explored.
Arsenic
Arsenic is naturally present in the earth and can contaminate water sources and food crops. Arsenic exposure is one of the most common heavy metal exposures worldwide. In the gut, arsenic exposure causes disruptions in the microbiome which may have downstream effects on metabolism, increasing the risk of obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease.
Mercury
Mercury may be found in contaminated fish and is occasionally used in industrial processes. This metal is easily absorbed in the gut and then distributed in numerous organs. In addition to the microbiota disruptions that are seen with all heavy metals, mercury has been shown to directly damage the lining of the gut, compromising this important barrier. Disrupted gut permeability may be a risk factor for the development of obesity and metabolically associated liver disease.8
Aluminum
Aluminum is widely used in cooking utensils, food packaging, and personal care products. In the gut, aluminum can have numerous toxic effects, including inflammation, immune system dysregulation, and direct toxicity to the gut lining.
What are some ways to reduce my exposure to heavy metals?
The good news is that you can take some easy steps to lower your exposure to heavy metals. To start:
- Consider Testing Your Water Supply: Testing your water for heavy metal contamination is essential, especially if you rely on well water or suspect that your water source may be at risk. Filters designed to remove heavy metals can be installed in your home to ensure safe drinking water.
- Avoid Eating Large, Predatory Fish: Predatory fish species, such as sharks and swordfish tend to accumulate high levels of mercury in their tissues. Opt for smaller fish with lower mercury content, such as wild-caught salmon, sardines, and mackerel.
- Be Mindful of Food Sources: Choose organic and locally sourced foods whenever possible, as they are less likely to contain high levels of heavy metals. Washing fruits and vegetables thoroughly can also help reduce potential contamination.
- Minimize Exposure in the Workplace: If your occupation involves working with heavy metals, take the necessary precautions to protect yourself from exposure. Use protective equipment and follow safety guidelines to prevent inhalation or skin contact.